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The Noun department in the western province attracts a brilliant story, a pleasing nature and culture alive. It focuses much of the tourist sites most popular in Cameroon ...
Natural Environment
Located between longitudes 10° 30 and 11° 40 East and latitudes 5° and 6° North, the Noun is a natural individual. Its morphology is structured around three main areas:
- An area consisting of collapse by the plain Tikar North East;
- An area of central plateau or plateau overlooking the plains Bamoun Tikar by a steep vertical drop of 800m;
- An area of fertile plains marked by extinct volcanic event which gave birth, North - South West, with enormous mass whose Kogham Mount (2 263m), Mount Mbètpit (1990m) which includes crater lakes, Mbam and Mount (2 335m).
The climate that prevails in the Noun is Sudano - Guinean two seasons:
- A short dry season from November to March with an average temperature of 30 to 35 ° C;
- A long rainy season from March to October an average temperature of 27 to 28 ° C.
Located at an altitude of 1 200m, Foumban, Chief - of the department, has a climate match.
The Drainage Department is dominated by several major rivers including the Nun from the West to the South, Mape and MVI in the north, Nchi Center, and the Nja Mwenge South. These small rivers are almost all of the important tributaries of river Mbam bringing in the Noun name "Ripa".
Two major dams to retain water in the Noun and the Bamendjing Mape Magba to allow, through an operating hydroelectric regulate downstream during the great river Sanaga Mbam which is a tributary.
Because of tectonics, the Noun division has many lakes. On the one hand, reservoirs like Lake Petponoun in the borough of Kouoptamo. On the other hand, crater lakes such as Lake mystical Mfou on Mount Mbètpit to Baîgom in the borough of Foumbot and the infamous Lake Monoun to Njindoun in the borough of Kouoptamo.
In keeping with its climate, soil and hydrography, the Nun has a vegetation transition between savanna and forest.
The plateau is covered Bamoun savanna. A landscape altered by humans for decades for the purposes of farming. Around Foumban, stand beautiful artificial forest reserves are under pressure devastating populations. Along the rivers usually housed in the lowlands, forest galleries populate with the department, within them, expanses of raffia and other valuable species.
There is a Noun in the nucleus of wildlife that has hitherto resisted the poaching. The animal population consists of buffaloes forests and savannas, warthog, giant forest hogs with, cob of Buffon and reeds, monkeys, duikers, pythons, porcupines, cane rats to, pangolins etc..
Rich in various fish species (Tilapia Cameroonian Silaridaes etc..) Waters of lakes and rivers that serve the department also include crocodiles and hippos.
In turn, the bird is very abundant and diverse. The one finds, among other things, specific species such as wild ducks and guinea fowl, etc. francolins.
History
Following its independence in 1960 and made more precise after reunification in 1961 made between its parts Anglophone and Francophone Cameroon is a federal republic composed of several units including the Department Bamoun located in its eastern side. This portion of territory named Region Bamoun in colonial times and the corresponding site of the historic United Bamoun the famous King Njoya was credited with a remarkable role in determining the long march that led to the establishment of the State Cameroon and its national community.
In 1981, the Department Bamoun who has kept his name in favor of the country's unification in 1972, changing its name and adopted the identity of the Nun river which flows through his land. Her new name is "Department of Nun."
Terminal
Located in the Western Province which covers 52% of the territory, the Nun is one of the 58 departments of Cameroon. There is wide of 7 687 km2 and shares borders with five other departments of the Republic:
- The Mayo Banyo and Donga Mantoung north;
- The Mbui, the Ngoketunja the Bamboutos the Mifi and Khoug-chi
in the West;
- The Mbam and Nkim and Nde to the east and south.
In 2008, the population of Nun is estimated at 800 000 people around with an average density of 104 inhabitants per km2.
In its internal organization, the Department whose Head Nun - location is Foumban, account for the month of April 2007, 9 districts that are Foumban, Foumbot, Magba, Malntouen, Massangam, Koutaba, Njimom, Kouoptamo and Bangourain.
The Nun is headed by a Prefect who resides in Foumban (currently Mr Alain Ndibi Fritz, Senior Civil Administrator). All sectoral administrations of the state are present in the form of decentralized structures of the Government of the Republic (Education, Health, Agriculture, Livestock, Finance, Justice, Fields and Land Affairs, Youth, Promotion of Women, Sports and Education Physics, Tourism, Defense, National Security, etc.).
In the Nun, found also Field Authorities working for development. These include the Towns of which there are 9 and correspond to different districts. Each commune is governed by a municipal executive headed by a Mayor.
Moreover, the Department of Nun is a mosaic of traditional chiefs. It peaked at a Chieftaincy 1st degree range by Sultannat Bamoun, 17 chiefdoms of 2nd degree whose territories are groupings, 166 chiefdoms 3rd level of villages and multiple autonomous chiefdoms. The various traditional leaders are officers of the administration.
CULTURE
Noun cultivation is mainly that of its indigenous peoples are two main strains: the Bamoun (88% of county population) and Tikar (6% of county population).
The people are Bamoun illustrious past. Founded in 1394 by NCHAR YEN, guarding their kingdom until then its symbols is headed by a dynasty that is now in its 18th Sovereign, namely Her Majesty Ibrahim Mbombo Njoya, grand son of King Ibrahim Njoya scholar whose fame is global.
In the course of history, the various kings who presided over the destinies of the people Bamoun have conquered many tribes whose cultural specific funds have been assimilated to form a vast cultural complex.
Bamoun culture is now more salient aspects:
- The customs and traditions that regulate the authentic life of a community committed to the old social customs, and political cult led by a king who cap a string of notable hierarchical;
- The traditional dances and music constitute a record of hundreds of rhythms that drive the company and accompany various events;
- The arts and crafts activity that develops across multiple disciplines (Foundry by the method of lost wax sculpture, embroidery, textiles, pottery, taxidermy, painting etc..)
- The festivals, the most striking is the Nguon which is celebrated every two years since its restoration in 1993.
Very dynamic in itself, the cultural civilization Bamoun has generated an immense natural heritage consisting of works of arts and crafts for all ages, presenting strong symbols such as the Palais des Rois Bamoun built in 1817.
In turn, the Tikar ancestors Bamoun argue a specific culture which incorporates ingredients of worship and folk. Their great folklore festival which is celebrated every two years is called "Next." During this event, the pilgrimage rituals are performed in the morning to the graves of ancestors located in sites formerly occupied by the people before his immigration to the plain north of the Noun. Wine (Kan.), padauk and fragrant pots are brought as a sacrifice to the sacred incantations made to mausoleums.
Quality of life of Bamoun, the Tikar and other strains of national populations and continental drained by the administrative and economic mobility, the Noun division has some languages that are spoken within its territory. These are the French and English are official languages of the country, and the Bamoun Tikar which are local languages, Pidgin Français contributing to commercial communication, etc.;
Shümom language invented in 1896 by King Njoya, 17th sovereign of Bamoun just waiting to be popularized. It is accompanied by a writing system whose value is the subject of Project "Bamoun Script" supported by the Embassy of the United States.
POLICY
Formerly Bamoun United States, Bamoun Region Bamoun Bamoun Department or the Department of Nun has remarkably contributed to the construction of the State of Cameroon and its national community.
The King Njoya who has seen the introduction of the whites in the United Bamoun in 1902, said the personality of people with German settlers, English and French. With Martin Paul Samba in the South, Charles ATANGANA TSAM in central and Rudolf Manga Bell Douala in the Littoral, Njoya is part of the great figures who have marked the path of the Cameroonian nation.
When the first institutions in Cameroon are taking place immediately after the Second World War (1939 - 1945), leaders of the People Bamoun sit there and help to express the concerns of indigenous communities. Seidou NJIMOLUH Sultan, King of Bamoun and NJOYA Arouna are notable figures who took an active part in this movement that led to the independence of Cameroon under the leadership of President Ahmadou Ahidjo. Meanwhile, Dr. Roland Felix Mum, another son of Nun was revealed as one of the main leaders of the nationalist movement and dissident who spoke through the territory of Cameroon.
After independence, the Department Bamoun latest Department of Nun has remained involved in politics in Cameroon led mainly by the Cameroon National Union (UNC) and then by the Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People created in 1984, after the Paul Biya's accession to the presidency.
Since 1990, a multiparty who signed his return to Cameroon is a reality in the Nun where several political parties are rooted. The most prominent being the Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People's President Paul Biya and the Cameroon Democratic Union of Dr Adamou Ndam Njoya, a native of the department.
ECONOMY
Nun's economy remains dominated always by agriculture which employs 60 to 70% of its workforce and contributes over 60% of its wealth. The large colonial plantations run by powerful companies have existed in this department which has long been the culture of coffee a major source of income. The fall in international coffee prices since 1988 has led to the decline in coffee production of Noun and significantly disrupted the economic order of this department.
After the golden age of coffee, the Noun is illustrated today in the practice of food crops on its entire territory and vegetables in the area of Mount Mbappé (Foumbot, Kouoptamo etc.). Its major production in this field earned him the label Grenier Cameroon and Central Africa. Until then the market Foumbot is a high point of fueling the country and the subregion in vegetables (tomatoes, beans, watermelons, peppers, etc.).
In 2006, the Government of Cameroon and the Islamic Development Bank have set up an agency to improve production and farm incomes in the Department of Nun. This is the Rural Development Project Mount Mbappé makes its way.
Crafts are another economic activity in the barn Noun. The creative genius of man Bamoun material was revealed during the reign of King Njoya ingenious. Handicrafts Nun is particularly dynamic in Foumban and his specialties are molding, carving, embroidery, pottery, etc.. Hitherto limited in space, the market for craft products of the department has experienced a boom in the mid 1980s. He was particularly open to international competition for major currencies under the leadership of a generation of traders travelers dubbed "antique".
In the Nun, we also practice animal husbandry and fisheries.
On the trade front, the major stock mercantile Department collective markets are the most important are located in the capitals of districts.
In industry, the Nun is not wealthy and requires large investments. Some processing structures have previously worked before falling down to the most.
For its part, the services sector expected to finance growth of an economy is not quite booming in the Nun. Banks previously installed Foumban and Foumbot have folded luggage (CBS SGBC and BIAO). The land is currently occupied by microfinance institutions.
Moreover, tourism is still underdeveloped in the region, albeit based on enormous potential. This activity is an important alternative economic development in the Nun.
EDUCATION
In accordance with national policy in this regard, the education system Noun revolves around three main cogs that are basic education, secondary and higher education.
In the 9 districts of the Department of Basic Education which is dedicated to educating children from kindergarten classes to the middle 2 recorded during the school year 2007/2008, a total staff 135 298 students. Throughout its extent, the Nun houses public schools and private religious and laity who comprise 1 028 classrooms only, built of solid materials. A large majority of school buildings are built in temporary materials.
In terms of coaching, there are the department in a classroom and a teacher on average for 143 students (ratio based on the number of classroom materials for teachers and final state officials). Numerous teachers recruited on the job are supported by communities through associations of parents.
In continuation of basic education are lessons that provide secondary education for learners in general subjects and techniques of the sixth grade or first year until senior year. According to official statistics of the school year 2007 - 2008, the Nun has 46 secondary schools including 17 ESC, 4 high schools, 6 bilingual secondary schools, 3 CETIC, 2 technical schools and 14 private colleges that have generally 508 rooms classes.
On the threshold of the school year 2008/2009, an act of the Prime Minister created an ESC bilingual Ngounso 'in the borough of Magba and a College of Technical Education to Bangourain. At the same time, the ESC Baïgom and Koundoumbain in the borough of Foumbot were transformed into high schools.
The major problems affecting the environment of basic education and secondary education in the Nun relate to the lack of teachers, the infrastructure deficit screaming and land conflict on the websites of schools.
On its territory, the Noun division also has facilities for training post-primary and others. Sections of rural artisans and Sections Housewives are present here and elsewhere. Foumban In particular, we found a Multifunctional Youth Center, a Center of Coaching for the Integration of youth at risk, a Center for Promotion of Women and the Family, a Normal School of Teachers Education Overall, a training center for medical assistance, a training center for farmers and Training Center Animal and Veterinary.
In the field of higher education, the state has so far created in the Noun a set attached to the University of Dschang. It is the Institute of Fine Arts Foumban (IBAF) is preparing to open its doors to the favor in February 2009, more than a decade after his official act of birth. Until 2008, there is no private university in the Nun.
HEALTH
In the public policy of health coverage, the Department of Nun is divided into 5 health districts:
- The district health Foumban which covers the boroughs of Foumban, and Koutaba Bangourain;
- The district health Foumbot which covers the borough of Foumbot;
- The district health Malantouen which covers the boroughs of Malantouen and Magba;
- The district health Kouoptamo which covers the borough of Kouoptamo;
- The district health Massangam which covers the borough of Foumbot;
Health districts encompass and coordinate the Districts Hospitals, Medical Centers in Districts, Hospitals and Health Centers public and private that provide care for patients even in the villages. These health facilities are experiencing equipment problems and reconciliation vis-à-vis all sectors of the population.
In 2006, official statistics indicated that the Nun has 10 public hospitals, 4 Private Hospitals, 66 Center for Integrated Public Health, 37 Integrated Health Centers Private, 3 Medical Specialists, 11 GP and 191 paramedical staff. They result in the following ratios calculated on the basis of county population estimated at 600 000 inhabitants:
- A doctor for 54 545 inhabitants;
- A nurse for 3 141 people;
- A specialist for every 200 000 inhabitants;
Moreover, the Department of Nun is a beneficiary of various public health programs implemented by the Government in the areas of immunization and the fight against AIDS, Malaria, Onchocerciasis etc..
RELIGION
Islam and Christianity are great modern religions that share the spiritual life of people in the Noun. However, a background of traditional beliefs persist in the department.
The Nun community consists of 90% Muslims and 10% of Christians who are primarily of the Evangelical Church of Cameroon and the Roman Catholic Church.
The high places of prayer in the department are mosques, temples and chapels that have a storefront in all districts.
Under the leadership of Sultan King of Bamoun who is also the spiritual leader of Islam in the Nun (Amirou Mouminine), the Muslim and Christian faiths coexist peacefully and carry on up a wonderful alchemy of peace.
Thus declines the Nun, a welcoming hospitality legend, a country whose identity can be summed up in this triptych: a brilliant story, a pleasing nature and culture alive.
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